Relativistic

Principle of relativity theory of relativity is on time and gravity of the basic theory, by Einstein (Albert Einstein) created is the special theory of relativity (special theory of relativity) and General Relativity (General Relativity). The basic assumption of relativity is the velocity of light invariance principle, the principle of relativity and the equivalence principle. The theory of relativity and quantum mechanics in modern physics the two basic pillars. Lay the foundation of classical physics of classical mechanics, not to the high-speed movement of objects and microeconomic conditions objects. Relativistic solve the problem of high-speed movement; Quantum mechanics to atomic micro-conditions problem. Relativistic greatly changed the nature of the universe and the "common-sense" concept, "while the relative" "Four-Dimensional Space-Time," "bending space," such as a brand new concept. [Relativistic the proposed process -- in addition to the quantum theory, 1905 has just received a doctorate Einstein published an article entitled "On the move -- the body dynamics," the article triggered in the 20th century physics another revolution. The article is a study of the movement of objects optical phenomena, which was then the classical physics are facing another problem. In mid-19th century, established Maxwell electromagnetic theory, and predicted that the velocity of light C to spread the existence of electromagnetic waves. End of the 19th century, experiments have confirmed the Maxwell theory. What is the electromagnetic wave? Its transmission speed in terms of who? C It was fashionable to view the entire universe is filled with a special material called "Ethernet" is the Ethernet electromagnetic vibration transmission. But people have found that this is a contradictory theory. If the earth is in a static Ethernet Motion, then according to the speed principle of superposition, Earth along different directions transmitted at the speed of light, it is not the same, but the experiment negate this conclusion. If Ethernet is the Earth with him, and obviously some of the astronomical observations are inconsistent. 1887 Michelson Morelli exhausted and the interference phenomena of the very precise measurement, still have not found the Earth Ethernet relative to any campaign. In this regard, Lorentz (H.A.Lorentz) proposed a hypothesis, that all the Ethernet objects moving along the direction of movement must contraction. He proved this, even if the Earth is relatively Ethernet campaign Michelson also found it impossible. Einstein completely different from the idea of the problem. He pointed out that as long as the abandoned Newton established the absolute space and absolute time the concept of all difficulties can be resolved. What do not need Ethernet. Einstein proposed two discussion of the basic tenets of moving objects based on the optical phenomenon. The first is called the principle of relativity. It is said : If the coordinates K 'in relation to coordinate K for the uniform movement without rotation, This will be equivalent to two coordinates done any physics experiment, it is impossible to distinguish between what is Coordinates K, Which is Coordinates K '. The second principle called Light the same principle, it is light (in a vacuum) the speed is constant, c It is not dependent on the luminous objects velocity. On the surface, the speed of light seems to be the same with the principle of relativity conflict. According to classical mechanics speed synthesis method for K 'and K so that two relatively uniform motion of the coordinate system, Light should not the same. Einstein that the two have to admit this does not contravene the principles, we must re-analysis of time and space physics concepts. Classical Mechanics speed synthesis dependent on the actual rules of the following two assumptions : 1. 2 incident and the time interval measurement of the time the 10-minute movement not; 2. 2:00 spatial distance and distance measurement used for the calculation of the non-state campaign. Einstein discovered that if the same principle of recognition speed of light and the principle of relativity is compatible, then these two assumptions have been made to get rid of. Then, the bell is a simultaneous outbreak of another bell is not necessarily the same time, simultaneously with relative. In two relative movement of a coordinate system, two specific measuring the distance between the points is not the numerical equivalent. Distance also made relative. If established K coordinate system can be an incident three space coordinates x, y, z coordinates and a time not to determine, K 'coordinate system with an incident from x', y ', z' and not 'to define, Einstein found that x', y ', z 'and not' can be adopted by a group equation x, y, z and t seek out. 2 coordinates the relative velocity and speed of light c is the only parameter equation. This is the first equation from the Lorentz, known as the Lorentz transformation. Using Lorentz transformation is easy to show that, because the bell will slow movement, the movement feet than static at short, add speed to meet a new law. Principle of Relativity has been a clear expression of the mathematical conditions in the Lorentz transformation, with the write-in space-time variables x ', y ', z', not 'will replace the space-time variables x, y, z, t, Any expression of the natural law still prefer the original exactly the same form. People generally call it the law of nature for the Lorentz transformation is the covariant. This is in our exploration of the universal law of nature has a very important role. Moreover, in the classical physics, time is absolute. It has acted as different from the three spatial coordinates of independent role. Einstein's theory of relativity time and space linked up. Physical reality that the world is composed of various events, each event from 4 to describe a few. This number is four times its coordinates t and x, y, z, which constitute a continuous four-dimensional space. commonly known as four-dimensional Minkowski space. In the theory of relativity, using four-dimensional approach to the physical inspection of the real world is very natural. Another special theory of relativity led to important findings on the quality and energy. Einstein in the past, physicists have always thought that mass and energy are totally different, they are conserved quantity respectively. Einstein found that the quality of the theory of relativity and energy are inseparable, two conservation law to a combination law. He is a well-known mass-energy equation : E=mc^2, c for the speed of light. So the quality can be seen as it is a measure of energy. Calculation shows that the quality of small contains enormous energy. The mysterious formula for human access to enormous energy, manufacture atomic and hydrogen bombs and the use of atomic energy generation such as laying a theoretical foundation. Einstein's introduction of these new concepts, most physicists. including relativistic transform the founder of Lorentz, find it difficult to accept. The old way of thinking of obstacles, so that the new physical theory until after generation for the majority of physicists are familiar with, Even the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the 1922 Nobel Prize awards Einstein, just say "because he contribution to theoretical physics, Since he discovered the law of the photoelectric effect. "relativistic silent. Einstein in 1915 further establish general relativity. The principle of relativity is also limited to two relatively uniform motion so the coordinates, and the theory of general relativity in which the uniform movement restrictions were abolished. He introduced an equivalence principle, do not think we can distinguish between gravitational effects and non-uniform motion, that is non-uniform motion and gravity are equivalent. He further analysis of the light in the near vicinity of a volume will be through and curved gravitational phenomena, that the very concept of gravitational totally unnecessary. It that the quality of the planets make it into space near the bending of light is taking the most short lines. Based on these discussions, Einstein derived an equation group, They can be identified by the presence of substances resulting from the bending of space geometry. Use of this equation, Einstein calculated the transit point of the recent displacement, with the experimental observations exactly the same, a long-term solution can not explain the difficult issues, which makes Einstein excited about. Ailunfeishite he wrote in the letter reads : "... given the recent equations point to the correct value, You can imagine how happy I am! good days, I do not know how happy a better life. "November 25, 1915. Einstein entitled "gravity equation," the papers submitted to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin. complete exposition of general relativity. In this article he not only explained the astronomical observatory discovered in the recent transit point track mobile mystery, but also predicted : Star will happen after the sun deflection, deflection angle equivalent to Newton's theory predicted by the numerical twice. World War I delayed on the numerical results. May 25, 1919 Total Solar Eclipse to provide people with a war the first observation opportunities. British Eddington rushed to the African west coast of the island of Principe, this observation. November 6, Thomson in the British Royal Society and the Royal Astronomical Society joint meeting solemnly announced : confirmed the Einstein and Newton is not predicted by the results. He praised the Road "This is the history of human thought greatest achievements. Einstein found is not a small island, but a whole new world of scientific thinking. "The Times" scientific revolution "to the issue of a major news reported. Conveyed the news to the world, Einstein became world famous. General relativity has been increased to 1902 by people revere the throne. Since then, the people of the experimental tests of general relativity demonstrated increasingly strong interest. However, as the solar system within the gravitational field is very weak, gravitational effect itself is very small, general relativity theory with Newton's gravitational theory from the very small observation very difficult. Since the 1970s, as radio astronomy progress from the observation of the solar system far from a breakthrough. observation of a significant increase accuracy. In particular, in September 1974 from the Massachusetts Institute of Taylor and his students at Whistler, 305-meter with a large radio telescope observations, they found Pulse star. It is a neutron star and its companion star under the force of gravity mutual bypass, the cycle is only .323 days, Its surface gravity of the sun surface than 100,000 times stronger. Earth, even within the solar system can not be given the test gravitational theory laboratory. After more than 10 years of observation, they have with the predictions of general relativity with very good results. Because of this significant contribution, Taylor was whistle of the 1993 Nobel Prize for physics. [Special relativity -- Mach and Hume's philosophy of Einstein significant influence. Mach think that the time and space to measure and material movement. The concept of time and space is formed through experience. Absolute time and space no matter what experience can grasp. Hume more concretely : the extension of space and not anything else, but by order of a certain distribution of visible objects with space. And the time to change is always the target noticeable changes found. Einstein pointed out in 1905, Michelson and Morey experiment, in fact, demonstrated on the "Ethernet" the whole concept is redundant, the speed of light is constant. And Newton's absolute space-time is a wrong concept. There is no absolute static frame of reference, time is measured with reference to different different. He used the same speed of light and relativity principle of Lorentz transformation. Created the special theory of relativity. Special Relativity is built on the four-dimensional time and space of a theory, it should understand the theory of relativity, The first relativistic time and space to have a general understanding. In mathematics there are various three-dimensional space, but so far, we know of the physical world only recently, that is, three-dimensional space plus one time dimension. Modern physics micro-mentioned high-dimensional space is another layer of meaning, only mathematical, not in this discussion. Four-dimensional space-time is the real world constitute the minimum dimension, our world is just recently, true of high-dimensional space, at least now we can not perception. I said a message on an example of a ruler in 3D space (excluding time) rotation, the length unchanged. However, rotating it, the value of the coordinates of the changes, which coordinates between linked. Four-dimensional space-time means that time is the fourth dimension coordinates, and space coordinates are linked. That is time and space are unified and indivisible whole, which is a "shift" in relations. Four-dimensional space-time is not limited to this, by the mass-energy relation know, the actual quality and energy is one thing, mass (or energy) is not independent, but with the state of the campaign, such as greater speed, greater quality. In four-dimensional space-time, the mass (or energy) is a four-dimensional real momentum of the fourth dimension of weight and momentum is descriptive material amount, Therefore quality and the movement is a matter of course. In four-dimensional space-time, momentum and energy to achieve a unified, known as the four energy-momentum vector. Moreover, the four-dimensional space-time around the definition of the four-speed, four speed Vega, 4D, electromagnetic field equations of 4D format. What is worth mentioning is that the electromagnetic field equations of 4D form a more perfect, the complete reunification of electricity and magnetism, electric and magnetic fields using a uniform electromagnetic field tensor to describe. The four-dimensional space-time three-dimensional laws of physics than to perfect the law, which illustrates that our world is the four-dimensional. It can be said that at least than Newtonian mechanics to perfect the most. At least by its imperfections, we can not make improper doubt it. The theory of relativity, time and space constitute an indivisible whole -- four-dimensional space-time, Energy and momentum also constitute an indivisible whole -- 4D momentum. This explains the natural world seem to be irrelevant to the amount that may exist between profoundly linked. General relativity discussed in the future when we will see, time and energy-momentum four arrows also exist between the profound links. Special Relativity material in the basic tenets of interaction for the eternal movement, with no campaign material, Without the material is campaign material because of the interrelated and interaction of movement, therefore, The material must describe the relationship between movement, and not isolated describe movement. In other words, the movement must have a reference from the reference material is the reference system. Galileo has pointed out that the movement of ships and ship geostationary not distinguish between the movement, in other words, When you in a closed cabin, and completely isolated from the outside world, so even if you have the most-developed brain, the most advanced equipment, You have no perception of the ship was a uniform motion or stationary. Perceptual speed to any size, because there is no reference. For example, we do not know the entire universe of the overall movement, because the universe is closed. Einstein be invoked, the special theory of relativity as a fundamental principle : the principle of relativity. Its contents are : inertial system is entirely equivalent, could not be distinguished. Morey, the famous Michelson experiment complete denial of optical Ethernet doctrine, drawn-reference system has nothing to do with the conclusions. In other words, if you stand on the ground, or kept on the train, measured the speed of light is the same. This is the second special relativity principle, the same principle of the velocity of light. By the two basic tenets of this can be directly derived relativistic type of coordinate transformation, Transform-speed all the contents of the special theory of relativity. For example, speed changes, and the traditional rules of contradiction, but in practice prove to be correct. For example, a train speed is Surround Datahome, a person in the vehicle relative to the vehicle speed is Surround Datahome. on the ground to see the vehicle speed is not a feasible one. but (20-10^ (-15)) 1961. In ordinary circumstances, this relativistic effect can be completely ignored, but close to the velocity of light, the effect of such increases markedly, for example, Train speed is 0.99 times the speed of light, the rate is 0.99 times the speed of light. Then ground observation to the conclusion that the velocity of light instead of 1.98 times, but 0.999949 times the speed of light. Most people see behind the firing has not slowed light to him is the velocity of light. Therefore, in this sense, is not beyond the speed of light, because in that reference frame, the speed of light is constant. Transform speed particle physics have been numerous experiments show that is impeccable. Because of this unique optical properties, it was selected as the only four-dimensional space-time scale. According to the special theory of relativity effects of special relativity theory, inertial system is entirely equivalent, in an inertial system with, There reunification of the time, known as the same time, and the theory of relativity proved that the different inertial system, there is no uniform at the same time, is two events (space-time points) in a sexual relations within the same department, in another inertial system may not be within the same time, This is also the relative nature of the inertial reference frame, the same physical processes of the process is exactly the same time. If the same physical process to measure time, the entire inertial system can be unified time. In the future we can get the general relativity, non-inertial reference frame, time is uneven, that is to say, In the same non-inertial reference frame, no unity of time, it could not establish a unified simultaneously. Relativistic different inertial system is derived between the progress of time, the movement found time to slow progress inertial system, This is the so-called bell slow effect. Popular can understand that the clock movement than static bell slowly, but faster movement, the bell go more slowly. close to the speed of light, the bell is almost to a halt. The length of a ruler in an inertial reference frame "at the same time" the two ends of the coordinate value of the poor. Because "at the same time" the relative, different inertial measurement of the length varied. Relativity proved that the length of a ruler in the direction of the campaign ruler than static ruler short, this is the so-called ulnar reduction effect When close to the speed of light speed, the ruler folded and damaged a point. The above statement indicates that the slow bell foot and reduce the principle is the rate of progress is relative. In other words, the rate of progress with the reference system. This fundamentally negates Newton's absolute time and space, and the theory of relativity that absolute time did not exist, However, time is still an objective quantity. For example, the next issue to be discussed at the Twin ideal experiment, the brothers returned by the spacecraft is 15 years old, brother may have been 45 years old that time is relative, but my brother did live for 15 years. my brother did that to live 45 years, which is nothing to do with the reference system, the time is "absolute." This shows that regardless of how the object movement, which itself is going through a time of the objective, which is absolute. This is known as the inherent time. In other words, no matter what form your campaign, you would think you drink coffee normal speed, You patterns of life have not been disrupted, but other people might see you drink coffee with a hundred years, From the glass down to the death of only one second. Clock Paradox or TWIN PARADOX after the birth of the theory of relativity, had an extremely interesting and difficult problems -- TWIN PARADOX. One pair of twins A and B, A on Earth, B rocket done by the interplanetary travel, takes a long time to return to earth. Einstein's theory of relativity by the assertion that they experienced at different times, the reunion at B than A young. Many people doubt that the A look at the campaign B, B is A look at campaign Why is not more than B A young? As the Earth can be approximated as inertial system, B experienced deceleration and acceleration process. Variable speed up the movement of information, and truly it is very complicated discussion, Therefore, the Einstein has discussed the issues are clearly many people mistakenly believe that relativism is self-contradictory theories. If the world map and time line concept discussion of the issue on a more simple, but we had to use many formulas and mathematical knowledge. Here is the language used to describe a simple case. But language can not only provide more detail on the details, please refer to the interest in some relativistic books. Our conclusion is that in that reference frame, B than A young. To simplify the problem, only to discuss the situation, rocket after a very short period of time to accelerate the speed of light-flight after some time, U-turn with a very short time, flight time, a very short period of time with the Earth's encounters with the slowdown. This is the purpose of accelerating and decelerating omitted from the impact. In the earth reference system is very good discussion, and the rocket is always dynamic bell, again, when B than A young. When the rocket reference system, in uniform Earth is a dynamic process bell, the time within the process slower than the rocket, But the most crucial part of the rocket is turning process. U-turn in the course of the Earth by the rocket rear faraway places after a very short period of time for cross-half circle, Rocket reached the front faraway places. This is a "superluminal" process. The only Superluminal is not in contradiction with the theory of relativity, the "superluminal" does not convey any information, is not the real meaning of Superluminal. Without this U-turn course, rockets and the Earth will not be met, since different reference systems is no uniform time therefore can not be compared to their age, only when they encounter can be compared. U-turn after the rocket, not directly B A message for the transmission of information takes time. B see the actual process to make a U-turn in the course of the Earth's rate of progress suddenly accelerated. B seems, A. B. younger than reality, and then make a U-turn when the aging rapidly, back when A than their aging slow. Reunion, he has more than A young. In other words, the theory of relativity does not exist a logical contradiction. Summary of special relativity theory of relativity physics requirements in the law to coordinate transformation (Lorentz changes) remain unchanged. Classical electromagnetic theory can not change into the framework of the theory of relativity and Newton's mechanics only in the Galileo transform the situation unchanged, Lorentz transformation of the original concise format has become extremely complex. Classical mechanics and therefore to be amended, the revised mechanical system Lorentz transformation in the same situation, called relativistic mechanics. Since the establishment of special relativity, the physics has played a tremendous role in promoting. And in-depth account of quantum mechanics, to become a high-speed particles indispensable theory, and achieved fruitful results. But behind the success, there are two remaining issues of principle yet to be resolved. The first is caused by inertial system difficulties. Abandoned the absolute time and space, the inertial system has become impossible to define the concept. We can say yes inertial reference frame in which the law established reference system. Inertia without outside a real objects to remain static or uniform linear motion of the state. However, "without outside" What does it mean? Can say, is not subject to external objects in an inertial reference frame static or uniform linear motion. Thus, the definition of inertial system falls into a cycle of logic, such a definition is useless. We can always find the reference frame is very similar, but the universe does not exist real inertial system, Like all the theoretical construction on the beach in general. The second is the gravity of the difficulties. Law of Universal Gravitation and closely linked to absolute time and space, must be amended However, the revision of the Lorentz transformation of the same situation any attempt failed. gravity is not included in the framework of special relativity. At that time, the physical sector only discovered gravity and the electromagnetic force two, one on the surface disruption, and of course not satisfactory. Einstein used only a few weeks on the establishment of the special theory of relativity, but for solving these two problems, establishing general relativity is used for a whole decade. To address the first issue, Albert Einstein scrapped the inertial system in the theory of the special status put relativity principle that the promotion of non-inertial reference frame. So the first problem into a non-inertial reference frame the space-time structure. Non-inertial reference frame in the first encounter only stumbling block is inertia. In-depth study of inertial force, a well-known principle of reciprocity. found a reference to the problem of gravitational potential and solve problems together. After many twists and turns, Einstein finally established a complete and general relativity. General relativity all physicists were shocked, imagine the gravitational far more complex. So far Einstein's field equations are only a small number of identified solutions. It beautiful mathematical form has so physicists have marveled. In general relativity made tremendous achievements, created by the Copenhagen School and the development of quantum mechanics have made a major breakthrough. But physicists have quickly discovered, the two incompatible theories, at least one needs to be revised. So that triggered the famous polemic : Einstein VS Copenhagen school. Even today controversy has not stopped, but a growing number of physicists is more inclined to quantum theory. Einstein to solve this problem after half a lifetime spent time in 30 years but to no avail. But his work for physicists have pointed out the direction : the establishment of the force contains four super-unified theory. Currently academia recognized as the most promising candidate is the ultra-superstring theory and theory of film theory. [Advent of general relativity -- the theory of relativity, people see the conclusion was : four-dimensional curved space-time, limited the limitless universe, gravitational waves, LENSING, big bang theory, as well as the theme of the 21st century -- a black hole, and so on. All of this has come too suddenly, so that the people feel that the mystery of relativity, the theory of relativity developed in the first few years, Some people threatened that "only 12 individuals worldwide to understand the theory of relativity." Some even say that "the world only two and a half people to understand the theory of relativity." Even more to the theory of relativity and the "Dianetics", "Spiritualism," which is par. In fact, the theory of relativity is mysterious, it is the most down-to-earth theory, which is experiencing a never practice the truth, More than sky high. Application of the theory of relativity is not an ordinary geometry Euclid geometry, but Riemannian geometry. I believe many people are aware of Non-Euclidean Geometry, it is divided into Roche geometry and geometric Lei two. Riemann higher from the perspective of the reunification of the three geometry, as Riemannian geometry. In non-euclidean geometry, a lot of strange conclusions. Triangle interior angle of 180 degrees and is not, circle rate is not 3.14, and so on. So in just issued, greatly ridiculed, considered to be the most useless theories. In spherical geometry until found its application will be heard. If there is no space material, space-time is flat, with Euclidean geometry sufficient. For example, in the application of the special theory of relativity, is four-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space. Canada is a pseudo-character coordinates of time before there is imaginary unit i. When the existence of material space, material and time interaction, so that a curved space-time, it is we must use non-euclidean geometry. Relativity predicted the existence of gravitational waves, he found the gravitational field and gravitational waves are transmitted to the speed of light. negation of the law of gravity away from the role of super. When light from the stars issued, and encountered quality objects and the light will be re-like, say, We can observe objects blocked by the star. Under normal circumstances, is to see the ring, known as the Einstein ring. Einstein's field equations will be applied to the universe and found that the universe was not stable, it either expanding or shrinking. At that time, cosmology that the universe is infinite, static, the stars is unlimited. So he does not hesitate to amend the equation, the inclusion of a universe term, a stable solution, a limited limitless universe model. Hubble discovered near the famous Hubble's law, the expansion of the universe theory. Einstein regret this very much and abandoned the universe projects, saying that this is his life's biggest mistake. In future research, physicists were surprised to discover that the universe is in addition to expansion, it is in the explosion. Very early universe distribution in a small scale, NASDA scientists need to study the contents of particle physics to a more comprehensive model of the evolution of the universe. Particle physicists and scientists need universe of observational results and theoretical to enrich and develop particle physics. This study physics largest and the smallest two of the most active branches : particle physics and cosmology has such mutual together. Like high school physics preamble said, as a Guaimang bite its own tail. It is worth mentioning that although Einstein's static universe was discarded, But its limited limitless universe model of the universe has three possible future fate, but also the most promising. In recent years the universe items will be re-emphasized the. Black hole problem will in future articles discussed. Black hole and the big bang is a relativistic predictions, but their content has exceeded the limits of the theory of relativity. and quantum mechanics, thermodynamics combination of very close. Future Theory hope to find a breakthrough here. The basic principles of general relativity can not be defined as inertial system, Einstein relativity principle will be extended to non-inertial reference frame. of the first general relativity theory : general relativity theory. Its content is, all reference system described in the natural law, they are equivalent. This is the principle of relativity a great difference. In different reference systems, all the laws of physics are equivalent, no description of the difference. But in all reference system, this is impossible, only that different reference systems can be equally effective, the description of natural law. This requires that we find a better way to meet the description of such a request. Through the special theory of relativity, it is easy to show that the rotating disc circumference is greater than 3.14. Therefore, the general frame of reference should be used to describe the Riemannian geometry. The second principle is the same principle at Light Speed : the speed of light with arbitrary reference system are the same. It equivalent to the four-dimensional space-time - the time which is not changed. At that time, the space is flattened, in three-dimensional space with the velocity of light-line movement, then bending space, in 3D space along the curved-space movement. Gravity can be light deflection, but not accelerate the photon. The third principle is the most famous equivalence principle. There are two quality, the quality of inertia is used to measure the size of objects inertia, the first by Newton's second law definition. Quality Metrics gravitational gravitational objects the size of the Security Council, initially by Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation definition. They are independent from the two laws. Inertial mass is not the same as the charge, or even the present, there is no relationship. Then inertial mass and gravitational mass (gravitational Netherlands) in Newtonian mechanics should not have any relations. But with the most sophisticated contemporary pilot also unable to detect the differences among them. inertial mass and gravitational mass strictly proportional to (choose appropriate coefficient would enable them to strictly equivalent). General relativity will inertial mass and gravitational mass as a fully equal to the equivalence principle. Inertial mass contact with the inertia force, gravitational mass and gravitational linked. Thus, non-inertial reference frame and gravity have also established ties. Then in the gravitational field of any point can introduce a small landing free reference system. As the inertial mass and gravitational mass equal to the reference system is not within the inertial forces are not subject to gravity and can use all the special theory of relativity theory. Initial conditions, and other charges ranging from the quality of the particle in the same field are different orbits, But all particles in the same gravitational field is only track. Einstein equivalence principle so that recognizes that the gravitational field is most likely not the time foreign market, but a geometric field, space-time itself is a character. Due to the existence of material originally straight time and space into a curved Riemann time. In general relativity was established, had a fourth principle, the law of inertia : not force (gravitational removed, because gravity is not the real power) of objects so habitual movement. Riemann in time and space, is along the geodesic campaign. Geodesic line is the spread between two points is the shortest (or longest), it is the only one. For example, the geodesic sphere is the Center off the plane and spherical interception of the great circle arc. However, the field equations of general relativity established, the law of the market equation can be derived, so inertia into inertia theorem. It is worth mentioning that Galileo had that uniform circular motion is the inertial motion, uniform linear motion Association for the closure of a circle. This was raised in order to explain planetary motion. Naturally he was awarded the Newtonian mechanics completely, but it will relativistic revival of the planet is so habitual movement, only instead of the standard uniform circular it. Ants and bees geometric vision of life in a two-dimensional flat surface ants because it is two-dimensional biological, there is no sense of the third dimension. If ants living in the big plane, from the practice created Euclidean geometry. If it lives in a spherical surface, it will create a triangle and the more than 180 degrees, Circle rate of less than 3.14 of spherical geometry. However, if the ants live in a big sphere, but when it is the "science" was not fully developed, the range of activities is still not big enough. It found insufficient spherical bending, a small sphere of life is similar plane, it would first create Euclidean geometry. When it is the "science and technology" developed, it will find Triangle and more than 180 degrees, Circle rate of less than 3.14, and so on "empirical facts." If ants smart enough, it will come to a conclusion that their universe is a winding two-dimensional space. When it put its own "universe" of the measurement times, come to the conclusion Their universe is closed (once around will return to the in situ), limited, and because "space" (surface) level of bending (curvature) the same everywhere, They will be their own universe and the universe round analogy, holding that the universe is "the circular." Since no third-dimensional feel, so it can not imagine that their universe is how to bend into a ball. They can not even imagine the "myriad" of the universe exist in a three-dimensional space in the flat area of limited sphere. They are very difficult to answer "what is outside the universe," such problems. Because their power is limited universe of closed two-dimensional space, it is difficult to form the "outside" of the concept. For ants must use "advanced technology" can be found in abstract facts, Bees can be a very easy visual image with the description out. Because bees is the three-dimensional space of biological, embedded in three-dimensional space of two-dimensional surface is "transparent", It will be very easy to form spherical concept. Ant on its own "science and technology" has had the same conclusions, but I do not image, is the strict mathematics. This shows that not only the high-dimensional space can be found biological low-dimensional space. smart like ants can be found spherical bending, and eventually establish a complete spherical geometry. its deep understanding not worse than the number of bees. Riemannian geometry is a huge geometric justice system, specifically for the study of space bending nature. Spherical geometry it is a small branch. It can be used not only spherical, oval face, such as the two-dimensional surface-surface, but also for high-dimensional curved space research. It is the most important general relativity mathematical tool. Riemann Riemannian geometry of the building had predicted that the reality of the universe may be curved, material existence is a bending of space reasons. This is, in fact, the core of general relativity. Riemann only that Einstein did not like the rich knowledge of physics, it is not possible to establish general relativity. Experimental verification of general relativity Einstein's general relativity in the establishment, on the three experiments, and will soon be tested : (1) gravitational redshift (2) The deflection of light (3) transit point into action recently. Until recently the addition of a fourth test : (4) radar echo time delay. (1) gravitational redshift : general relativity proved that the gravitational potential of low inherent time goes slow. That is to say the more objects from the past, the slower the time. This celestial body, the surface atoms the long-cycle changes, the same as the velocity of light, the corresponding frequency smaller, in the red spectrum to the direction of movement, known as the gravitational redshift. Universe there are many compact objects, which can measure the frequency of light, Earth and the corresponding atomic-issued for comparison and found that the volume shift language consistent with the theory of relativity. The early 1960s, People in the earth's gravity field using gamma rays without kick resonance absorption effect (Mossbauer effect) measurement of the optical vertical - Sowing the redshift 22.5M results consistent with the theory of relativity predicted. (2) The deflection of light : If the volatility of light, and in the gravitational field there should not be any deflection. by the semi-classical style of "quantum Newton's gravitational theory plus" hybrid product Planck formula used E=hr and quality can be obtained formula E=MC^2 photon quality, Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation reuse the sun near the light deflection angle of 0.87 seconds. Calculation of general relativity by the deflection angle of 1.75 seconds for the above point twice. 1919, a war has just ended, British scientists Eddington sent two inspection teams, the opportunity to use solar eclipse observation, Observing the results about 1.7 seconds, just in relativistic experimental error range. Error caused the solar atmosphere is mainly due to the deflection of light. Recently rely on the radio telescope observations of quasars can airwaves in the sun's gravitational field deflection. without waiting for the sun this rare opportunity. Precise measurement confirmed the conclusions of the theory of relativity. (3) the transit points into the recent actions : astronomical observatory has recently recorded the transit point for every 56 seconds Mobile century, People consider various factors, according to Newton's theory can only explain the 5557 seconds, 43 seconds left unexplained. General relativity with the results Law of Universal Gravitation (inverse square law) is misplaced, just so that the deviation of the recent transit point every 43 seconds Mobile centuries. (4) Radar Experiment : From the Earth to the planetary launch radar signal reception planet reflectance signal Measurement of the signal from time to test whether the bending of space (and the interior angle triangle test) 1960 American physicists have overcome numerous difficulties caused by this experiment results in line with the predictions of relativity. Rely solely on these experiments not enough to show the correctness of the theory of relativity. only that it is more than Newtonian gravitational theory more precise theory, because it includes Newton's gravitational theory can explain Newton's theory can not explain the phenomenon. But can not guarantee that this is the best theory there is no guarantee that the extreme relativistic bending time and space in the region (such as a black hole) is substantiated. Therefore, the test of general relativity is still facing.